Soloshenko V.A, Mager S.N, Inerbaev B.O.

DOI: 10.33284/2658-3135-103-3-46

UDC 636.22/28.082.13(571.56)

Basic principles of creating a model of effective beef cattle breeding industry

in the northern territories of the Russian Federation

Vladimir A Soloshenko, Sergey N Mager, Bazarbay O Inerbaev

Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia)

Summary. The article reveals the substantiation of main fundamental approaches to creating an effective industry of specialized beef cattle breeding in the northern regions of the Russian Federation. In the southwestern part of Russia, they are focused on the production of premium beef, mainly from the Abereen-Angus breed, using technologies developed in countries with a moderately mild climate. The formation of industry in Siberia is impossible without taking into account its sharply continental climate, characterized by a large range of temperatures, high humidity, and specific feed resources. They place special demands on animals and technology. The biotechnological assessment of 11 beef and 2 low productive dairy breeds, according to 19 indicators, carried out by SibNIIPTIZH made it possible to single out the leaders by the sum of points (Kalmyk, Aberdeen-Angus, Galloway, Hereford, Kazakh white-headed, and Simmental). The concept of creating a new beef breed based on Simmental for the northern boggy zone is especially relevant. According to the results of studies made by regional research institutes, it was noted that with the onset of cold weather, the thickness of skin fold increases by 5.5% in comparison with summer, the hair contains by 21.5% more fluff, it indicates a good adaptive response to the conditions of Siberia and Transbaikalia. By the study of reproductive functions of dams of this breed from 2003 to 2014 it was found that over 12 years final accretion was 85-95% and among 103 cases of calving, veterinary care was required only twice. Calves of beef Simmentals show high growth vigor of 1300-1400 g per day up to 20 months of age. Therefore, taking into account the results of research, schemes have been developed for creating new genotypes for the conditions of the northern zone of Western and Eastern Siberia, as well as for the Republic of Yakutia. The search for markers of cold resistance has been started. It is necessary to develop elements of keeping technology with minimum consumption of energy resources and building materials.

Key words: beef cattle breeding, cattle breed, cattle genotype, Simmental breed, average daily gain, livestock adaptation, beef production, Siberia, Yakutia.

References

  1. Aslaliev A, Garmaev D. Features of the growth and development of the Galloway Cattle in the Transbaikalian Region. Bulletin of Buryat State Academy of Agriculture. 2016;2(43):107-110.
  2. Borisov NV, Rykov AI. Characteristics of animals of the Simmental breed of a new beef type. 85 years of the Siberian Institute of Animal Husbandry: collection of scientific works. Novosibirsk; 2015:114-125.
  3. Grikshas SA, Shamidova MM, Abbasov MR. Productivity of Black Spotted, Hereford and Angus bulls in the Central Non-black soil zone of the Russian Federation. Izvestiya Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University. 2016;42:116-121.
  4. Davydov S. Beef crisis in the North and measures for its elimination. Proceedings of the Department of General Animal Science at the Experimental Station at the Moscow Agricultural Institute. Petrograd; 1915;1:112.
  5. Abramova NI, Vlasova GS, Bogoradova LN, Khromova OL. Dynamics of dairy cattle breeding development in the European North of the Russian Federation. Dairy Farming Journal. 2020;1(37):8-23.
  6. Kayumov FG, Dubovskova MP, Polovinko LM, Kalashnikov NA, Golembovskiy VV, Kushch ED, Shtelmakh AI, Polyanskiy ND, Panasenko VD. Kalmyk cattle – important reserve for development of breeding resources in the Stavropol region. Herald of Beef Cattle breeding. 2014;4(87):47-52.
  7. Koryakina LP, Grigoryeva NN. Morphophysiological status of the Simmental cattle in Yakutia. (Conference proseedings) Agrarian science to agricultural production in Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Bulgaria: collection of research reports of XXII int. scientific-practical conference. Yakutsk; 2019:188-193.
  8. Begembekov K, Torekhanov A, Gabit G, Yelu T, Amire G, Esengaliyev K, Akhmetova A. Meat productivity and quality of meat of gables of the Kazakh white breed after fishing on natural pastures and their conformity with international standards. Technical Support of Agriculture. 2019;1(1):153-159.
  9. Shkuratova GM, Komogortseva OV, Butina GA, Kovaleva OI, Yankova GN. Modern technologies for the production of livestock products: collection of research reports, Novosibirsk; 2004:57-59.
  10. Plokhinsky NA. A guide to biometrics for zootechnicians. Moscow: Kolos; 1969:256.
  11. Sleptsov II, Tarasov ME, Machahtyrova VA, Nikonova TA. Reserves for the enhancement of beef production in the republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Far Eastern Agrarian Herald. 2018;4(48):210-217. doi: 10.24411/1999-6837-2018-14104
  12. Kuzin AA, Medvedeva NA, Zadumkin KA, Vakhrusheva VV. Development scenarios for Russia’s dairy industry.  Economic  and  Social  Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast. 2018;11(6):73-88. doi: 10.15838/esc.2018.6.60.5
  13. Terletsky VP, Tyschenko VI, Usenbekov ES. Genetic features of Kazakh cattle breeds. Effective animal husbandry. 2019;1(149):64-66. doi: 10.24411/9999-007A-2019-10015
  14. Firsova EV, Kartashova AP. Main breeds of dairy cattle in the farms of the Russian Federation. Izvestiya Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University. 2019;2(55):69-75. doi: 10.24411/2078-1318-2019-12069
  15. Yankova GN. Adaptive abilities of Simmental cattle of German breeding in Transbaikalia // Modern technologies of livestock products production: collection of research works. Novosibirsk; 2004: 39-42.

Soloshenko Vladimir Andreevich, Dr. Sci. (Agr.), Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of scientific direction SibNIPTIZH Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501, Novosibirsk region, The Novosibirsk area, village Krasnoobsk, Sibniptizh, tel.: 8-(383)-348-13-75, e-mail: sibniptij@ngs.ru

Mager Sergey Nikolaevich, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Head of SibNIPTIZH Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501, Novosibirsk region, The Novosibirsk area, village Krasnoobsk, Sibniptizh, tel.: 8-(383)-348-13-75, e-mail: sibniptij@ngs.ru

Inerbaev Bazarbay Orazbaevich, Dr. Sci. (Agr.), Head of the Beef Cattle Breeding Laboratory, SibNIPTIZH Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, , 630501, Novosibirsk region, The Novosibirsk area, village Krasnoobsk, Sibniptizh, tel.: 8-(383)-348-07-41, e-mail: sibniptij@ngs.ru

Received: 24 August 2020; Accepted: 14 September 2020; Published: 30 September 2020

Download