Grigory I Belkov

Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2022. Vol. 105, no 3. Р. 161-168.

doi:10.33284/2658-3135-105-3-161

Original article

Trends in the development of the grain complex in Russia and the world

 Grigory I Belkov1

1Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia

1orniish@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-9228

 Abstract. The main role in solving the food problem belongs to grain farming, as it predetermines the situation in other sectors of agriculture, especially in animal husbandry. Over the past 50 years, world grain [1]production has increased by more than 3 times, including wheat - 3.4 times, corn - 4.3 times, rice - 3.3 times.

Russia, having 40% of the world's black soil reserves and 10% of the cultivated area, produces 2% of the world's agricultural products and 4-6% of the world's grain production. In terms of grain production, our  country  ranks  fifth after the United States, China, the European Union, and India. At the same time, 2 tons of grain are produced per employee, while in the USA - 123 tons, Canada - 128.5, France - 68 tons. Meanwhile, according to FAO experts at the UN, the bioclimatic potential of our country allows us to double the production of agricultural products. However, due to the prevailing objective and subjective reasons, significant negative trends in agriculture, the process of de-intensification of production continues, and technogenic factors have come out on top, ahead of natural ones. Hence the low profitability of crop production and the unprofitability of animal husbandry in the vast majority of farms.

Data analysis shows that one of the most significant and dynamically developing sectors of the agro-industrial complex is grain farming. It has a significant impact on the level of food security of the country. In the Russian Federation, in the structure of sown areas, 58.9% are grain crops. Therefore, increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of this backbone branch of the agro-industrial complex is of particular importance.

Keywords: food, products, crop production, plants, grain, industry

For citation: Belkov GI. Trends in the development of the grain complex in Russia and the world.  Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2022;105(3):161-168. https://doi.org/10.33284/2658-3135-105-3-161

References

 

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 Information about the author:

Grigory I Belkov, Dr. Sci (Agriculture), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Director, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 27/1 Gagarin Ave, 460051, Orenburg, tel.: 8(3532)30-83-44.

The article was submitted 16.08.2022; approved after reviewing 02.09.2022; accepted for publication 12.09.2022.

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