Vitaly Yu Skorokhodov, Yuri V Kaftan, Nikolai A Maksyutov, Natalya A Zenkova, Elena N Skorokhodova

Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production.2024. Vol. 107, no 1. Р. 161-175.

 

doi:10.33284/2658-3135-107-1-161

 

Original article

Grain crop yields under rain-fed conditions in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

 

Vitaly Yu Skorokhodov1, Yuri V Kaftan2, Nikolai A Maksyutov3, Natalya A Zenkova4,

Elena N Skorokhodova5

1,2,3,4,5Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia

1skorohodov.vitali1975@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-7784

2yu.kaftan@bk.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-7220

3maksyutov.n@mail.ru, https://0000-0002-5469-3952

4natalya.zenkova1977mail@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1873-2245

5lena.1981.20@mail.ru

 

Abstract. Weather conditions, soil moisture, nutrient content, both plant and microbial, precursors and weediness of agrocenoses affect the productivity of crop rotations and permanent crops. The purpose of the study was to determine the yield of agricultural crops grown on rainfed soils in 2023 and to evaluate the impact of different crop rotations on the yield of spring wheat and barley under drought conditions. The research was carried out by researchers of the Department of Agriculture and Resource-Saving Technologies of the Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS between 1990 and 2023 on a stationary site located near the Nezhinka village, Orenburg Region (51.7756125°N and 55.306547°E). The soil of the experimental plot belongs to southern carbonate, low-humus, heavy-loamy black soils with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.2-4.0%. The experimental design explores options for cultivating spring durum wheat (Orenburgskaya 21), spring soft wheat (Uchitel’) and barley (Anna) in six-field, two-field and permanent crops. A feature of the early spring drought of 2023 is the negative impact of the use of mineral fertilizers, which is expressed by a decrease in the yield of grain crops against a fertilized background. The decrease in the yield of spring durum wheat in 2023 when using mineral fertilizers in crop rotations ranged from 1.31 centners (in crop rotation with green manure) to 2.46 centners (in crop rotation with winter crops). The experiment noted a decrease in the yield of spring wheat on a fertilized background after peas by 0.6 centners and after corn by 2.0 centners per 1 ha. Cultivation of barley using mineral fertilizers is accompanied by a positive effect and the highest crop yield is in a six-field with green manure, in the aftereffect of peas (11.34 c), millet (10.85 c) and corn (9.3 c per 1 ha). Mono-cultivation of barley is accompanied by a decrease in crop yield compared to cultivation in crop rotation (8.27 centners), and it increases to 9.23 centners per 1 ha in double-field durum wheat.

Keywords: grain yield, productive moisture, fertilizer, mono-seeding, crop rotation, previous crop

Acknowledgments: the work was performed in accordance to the plan of research works for 2022-2024 FSBSI FRC BST RAS (FNWZ-2022-0014).

For citation: Skorokhodov YuV,  Kaftan YuV, Maksyutov NA, Zenkova NA, Skorokhodova  EN.  Grain crop yields under rain-fed conditions in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2024; 107(1):161-175. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33284/2658-3135-107-1-161

 

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Information about the authors:

Vitaliy Yu Skorokhodov, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Department of Agriculture and Resource-Saving Technologies, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 27/1 Gagarin Ave., Orenburg, 460051, tel.: 89068458745.

Yuri V Kaftan, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher of the Department of Agriculture and Resource-Saving Technologies, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 27/1 Gagarin Ave., Orenburg, 460051, tel.: 89878994748.

Nikolay A Maksyutov, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Agriculture  and Resource-Saving  Technologies,  Federal  Research  Centre  of  Biological  Systems   and Agrotechnologies   of   the  Russian  Academy  of  Sciences,  27/1  Gagarin Ave.,  Orenburg,  460051, tel.: 892285759209.

Natalia A Zenkova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher of the Department of Agriculture and Resource-Saving Technologies, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 27/1 Gagarin Ave., Orenburg, 460051, tel.: 89877870965.

Elena N Skorokhodova, applicant, Department of Agriculture and Resource-Saving Technologies, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 27/1 Gagarin Ave., Orenburg, 460051, tel.: 89225357644.

The article was submitted 15.01.2024; approved after reviewing 30.01.2024; accepted for publication 18.03.2024.

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