Farit G Bakirov, Nurzhan D Berlishev, Igor V Vasiliev, Tatyana N Vasilyeva

Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2024. Vol. 107, no 2. P. 170-178.

doi:10.33284/2658-3135-107-2-179

Original article

Changes in the density of southern black soil under the influence of soil cultivation

techniques and systems

 

Farit G Bakirov1, Nurzhan D Berlishev2, Igor V Vasiliev3, Tatyana N Vasilyeva4

1,2,3Orenburg State Agrarian University, Orenburg, Russia

4Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia

1f.bakirov@mail.ru,  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-7875

2nurikking@list.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2770-6836

3igor-vas2009@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8564-1995

4vtn1972@mail.ru,  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5469-3952

 

Abstract. The research was conducted in stationary experiment in the period from 1991 to 2023 on southern black soil of the Orenburg Cis-Urals in the Orenburg State Agrarian University. The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of soil density during long-term use of soil cultivation methods and  systems  that  differ  in the level of minimization. For the present work, from 16 systems studied, the 4  most  contrasting  in  terms  of  intensity and depth of impact on the soil were selected: 1 – plowing at 20-22 and 28-30 cm (intensive); 2 – non-mouldboard loosening at 20-22 and 28-30 cm (multi-depth, non-mouldboard);  3 – shallow  at 12-14 cm, normal at 20-22 cm and deep at 28-30 cm flat-cutting (minimal), 4 – zero alternating with shallow and deep loosening, while for grain crops it was carried out for two years in a row and in total 14 times in 35 years (soil-saving). The moldboard cultivation system ensures the most loose soil composition. With multi-depth, non-moldboard, minimal and soil-saving systems, the volumetric mass of the soil increases by 0.10 g/cm3, 0.11 g/cm3 and 0.12 g/cm3, respectively, at the beginning of research and by 0.08 g/cm3, 0.10 g /cm3 and 0.09 g/cm3 at the end. Reducing the depth of tillage, regardless of the method, contributes to the formation of a “plow sole” in the layer lying below the horizon loosened by the working part of the tool: with conventional plowing and moldless loosening in a layer of 20-22 cm, with shallow tillage - 10-20 cm. With all methods and soil cultivation systems, the soil density remains in the zone of optimal values, with the exception of the option with shallow tillage, where in a layer of 10-20 cm it goes beyond the upper limit of the optimum.

Keywords: agriculture, soil, plowing, zero tillage, soil density, tillage system, deep loosening

Acknowledgments: the work was performed in accordance to the plan of research works for 2020-2025 years FSBEI Orenburg State Agrarian University (No. АААА-А17-117112340090).

For citation: Bakirov FG, Berlishev ND, Vasiliev IV, Vasilyeva TN. Changes in the density of southern black soil under the influence of soil cultivation techniques and systems. Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2024; 107(2):179-187. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33284/2658-3135-107-2-179

 

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Information about the authors:

Farit G Bakirov, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Agriculture, Bioecology and Agrochemistry, Orenburg State Agrarian University, 18 Chelyuskintsev St., Orenburg, 460014, tel.: +7(987)7804245.

Nurzhan D Berlishev, graduate student of the Department of Agriculture, Bioecology and Agrochemistry, Orenburg State Agrarian University, 18 Chelyuskintsev St., Orenburg, 460014, tel.: +7(987)2025872.

Igor V Vasiliev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Agricultural Technologies, Land Management and Food Production, Orenburg State Agrarian University, 18 Chelyuskintsev St., Orenburg, 460014, tel.: +7(912)8453335.

Tatyana N Vasilyeva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Scientific Secretary of the structural unit of OSRIA, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 9 Yanvarya St., Orenburg, 460000, tel.: +7(3532)308341.

The article was submitted 21.05.2024; approved after reviewing 03.06.2024; accepted for publication 10.06.2024.

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