Gerasimov NP, Elemesov BK, Sangakov AK, Belkov GI, Dunin IM.

Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2025. Vol. 108. No. 2. Р. 74-86.

doi:10.33284/2658-3135-108-2-74

Original article

Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Hereford and Kazakh White-Headed bulls

 

Nikolay P Gerasimov1, Bauyrzhan K Elemesov2, Al’bek K Sangakov3, Grigory I Belkov4,

Ivan M Dunin5

1,2,3,4Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia

5All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Breeding, Moscow region, Lesnye Polyany, Russia

1nick.gerasimov@rambler.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2295-5150

2elemesovb@inbox.ru

3sangakovak@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9843-4572

4orniish@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-9228

5vniiplem@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-9551

Abstract. Polymorphisms in genes are used in the development of marker-assisted selection programmes, which, in combination with traditional selection based on phenotype, increase the efficiency of breeding work in herds by reducing the generation interval and accelerating genetic progress in beef cattle breeding. The aim of the research was the genetic and phenotypic assessment of Hereford and Kazakh White-Headed bulls of different genotypes by genes associated with quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity. The work was carried out in LLC Agrofirma Kalininskaya of the Chelyabinsk Region and LLC Omeko-trud of the Orenburg Region. The control animals were genotyped for growth hormone (GH), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), 5′-untranslated region of thyroglobulin (TG5), calpastatin (CAST), leptin (LEP), calpain 1 (CAPN1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and retinoic acid C-receptor (RORC) genes by the polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using whole blood. Evaluation of the gene pool of the Hereford and Kazakh White-Headed breeds by gene markers for meat productivity and beef quality indicates a high heterogeneity of the herds at both intra- and interbreed levels. Significant distances between populations were revealed by the genetic structure of TG5, DGAT1, SCD1 and LEP genes, i.e., factors associated with lipid metabolism. Of these genes, only the DGAT1 gene significantly (P≤0.05-0.001) determined the variability of live weight in Hereford bulls. The GH gene polymorphism was confirmed to have a significant (P≤0.05) effect on the weight gain of young animals in two breeds, and the V allele was identified as the preferred for selection.

Keywords: bulls, Hereford, Kazakh White-Headed breed, genetic structure, gene, allele, live weight

Acknowledgments: the   work   was   supported   by  the  Russian  Science  Foundation,  Project No. 24-26-00264.

For citation: Gerasimov NP, Elemesov BK, Sangakov AK, Belkov GI, Dunin IM. Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Hereford and Kazakh White-Headed bulls. Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2025;108(2):74-86. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33284/2658-3135-108-2-74

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Information about the authors:

Nikolay P Gerasimov, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Selection and Genetic Center for Beef Cattle Breeds, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 9 Yanvarya St., Orenburg, 460000, tel.: 8-912-358-96-17.

Bauyrzhan K Elemesov, postgraduate student of the Selection and Genetic Center for Beef Cattle Breeds, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 9 Yanvarya st., 460000, Orenburg.

Al’bek K Sangakov, postgraduate student of the Selection and Genetic Center for Beef Cattle Breeds, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 9 Yanvarya St., Orenburg, 460000.

Grigory I Belkov, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Director, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 27/1 Gagarin Ave, Orenburg, 460051, tel.: 8(3532)30-83-44.

Ivan M Dunin, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the Scientific Direction "Selection, breeding of cattle and information support for cattle breeding" All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Breeding, village Lesnye Polyany, Lenin str., 13, Moscow region, Pushkino, 141212, tel.: +7(495)515-95-57.

The article was submitted 11.12.2024; approved after reviewing 20.03.2025; accepted for publication 16.06.2025.

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