Besaliev IN, Panfilov AL.

Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2025. Vol. 108. No. 3. Р. 258-272.

doi:10.33284/2658-3135-108-3-258

 

Original article

Quality of spring soft wheat grain of ‘Uchitel’ variety, depending on the growing conditions

in the Orenburg Cis-Urals 

 

Ishen N Besaliev1, Aleksandr L Panfilow2

1,2Federal Scientific Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia

1orniish_tzk@mail.ru,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9389-1938

2orniish_tzk@mail.ru,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-6350

Abstract. The article contains the results of field studies on the effect of autumn tillage options – ploughing with a moldboard plough and non-moldboard loosening of fallow land and fallow background on the quality indicators of spring wheat grain during 2017 – 2020 in the Orenburg Cis-Urals. The vitreousness, nature, content and index of deformation of gluten of the variety Uchitel were determined. The laying and conducting of research, the analysis of quality indicators were carried out using the relevant methods. The vegetation conditions of the experimental years differed in that they included both severely dry, moderately dry, and favorable years. It was found that the conditions of July significantly influenced the quality indicators studied. The correlation and regression coefficients between the decadal weather indicators of this month and the quality indicators ranged from 0.783 to 0.934. The vitreousness of the grain varied significantly more than other grain quality indicators, depending on the conditions of the years of research. The vitreousness decreased in the year with excessive moisture during the grain filling period. The grain was more glassy on the fallow background compared to the backgrounds of the treated fallow. The grain's nature decreased during dry conditions at the beginning of grain filling and during excessive rainfall at the end of the growing season. Grain from the Fallow background meets the requirements of Class 1-2 according to GOST 9353-2016 and decreases to Class 3 for grain from the treated fallow land. The amount of gluten in the years of research met the requirements of Class 1 according to GOST 9353-2016. Its quantity increased in a dry year when sowing on a Fallow background and decreased in an over-moisture year. The gluten deformation index on a plough background in 2 years out of four years of experiments (50.0%), on a non-ploughing background in one year (33.3%), and on a Fallow background in four years out of four years corresponded to the second quality group.

Keywords: spring wheat, grain quality, moldboard plowing, non-moldboard loosening, fallow, nature, vitreousness, gluten content, air temperature, precipitation amount

Acknowledgments: the work was carried out in accordance with the research plan for 2022-2026  FSBRI FRC BST RAS (No. FNWZ-2022-0014).

For citation: Besaliev IN, Panfilov AL. Quality of spring soft wheat grain of ‘Uchitel’ variety, depending on the growing conditions in the Orenburg Cis-Urals. Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2025;108(3):258-272. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33284/2658-3135-108-3-258

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Information about the authors:

Ishen N Besaliev, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Head of the Department of Grain and Forage Crops Technologies, Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 27/1 Gagarin Ave., Orenburg, 440051, tel.: +7 922 866-55-99.

Alexander L Panfilov, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher at the Department of Grain and Fodder Crops Technology, Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 27/1 Gagarin Ave., Orenburg, 440051, tel.: +7 922 558-53-92.

The article was submitted 23.07.2025; approved after reviewing 28.08.2025; accepted for publication 15.09.2025.

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