Kosolapova EV.

Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2026. Vol. 109. No. 3. Р. 351-368.

doi: 10.33284/2658-3135-109-3-351

Original article

 

Combined feed preservation: terminology and concept of an integrated technological process

 

Elena V Kosolapova1

1Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics, Knyaginino, Russia

1K-art-inka@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-0847

 

Abstract. Modern forage production is characterized by high variability in the properties of green plant material and limited reproducibility of traditional ensiling methods, especially for perennial legumes. This necessitates the scientific substantiation of integrated technological approaches to feed preservation. The objective of this study is to substantiate the introduction of the term «combined preservation» in forage production as a scientifically and technologically correct representation of a controlled feed production process based on the coordinated application of several preservation methods within a single technological process. The study is based on an analytical review of domestic and international scientific publications, regulatory and technical documentation (State Standart, State Standart R, RTD APK), as well as comparative terminology and systems analysis. The objects of analysis were technologies using chemical, biological, enzymatic, and physical effects on crushed plant matter, as well as practical examples of their combination. The methodological framework is based on the principles of process engineering theory and forage production technology. This paper demonstrates that existing scientific terms inadequately reflect modern technological processes based on the combination of several preservation methods. The mandatory and optional features of combined preservation are identified, and its technological and engineering essence is revealed. The author proposes a definition of the term «combined preservation”, emphasizing the controllability of the process, the consistency of technological operations and the achievement of measurable indicators of biological, nutritional and microbiological stability of feed. The role of mowing, drying, grinding, the measured application of a combination of preservatives, compaction, and multi-level sealing as key elements of combined preservation is substantiated. The introduction of the term «combined preservation» eliminates terminological ambiguity, reflects the current stage of development of ensiling technologies, and creates a scientific basis for the development of controlled technological processes and specialized technical equipment for the preparation of preserved feed.

Keywords: combined preservation, silage, technological process, quality, feed, feed production

For citation: Kosolapova EV. Combined feed preservation: terminology and concept of an integrated  technological  process.  Animal  Husbandry  and  Fodder Production. 2026;109(3):351-368. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33284/2658-3135-109-3-351

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Information about the authors:

Elena V Kosolapova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Information Systems and Technologies, Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economic University, 22a Oktyabrskaya St., Knyaginino, 606340, tel.: 89101385897.

The article was submitted 11.04.2026; approved after reviewing 24.06.2026; accepted for publication 14.09.2026.

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